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Gold and silver notched unprecedented highs on Friday, closing out a scorching year-end surge fueled by expectations of Federal Reserve rate cuts, a weakening US dollar, and mounting global instability that has driven investors toward hard assets.

Gold vaulted beyond $4,500 an ounce, marking its strongest yearly showing since 1979, while silver broke through $75 an ounce for the first time in history.

Spot gold briefly climbed to an all-time high of $4,530.60 an ounce earlier in the trading session, according to market data, before retreating slightly but remaining well above the once-unimaginable $4,500 level, Bloomberg reported.

The precious metal has now risen roughly 73% in 2025, capping a relentless ascent that accelerated sharply in the final months of the year.

Much of the rally has been driven by growing confidence that the Federal Reserve is preparing to pivot toward easier monetary policy, with interest rate cuts expected as economic growth slows.

Lower interest rates reduce the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding assets such as gold, increasing bullion’s appeal compared to bonds and cash holdings.

A sliding US dollar has further magnified the surge, making gold more affordable for international buyers and igniting additional waves of global demand.

Safe-haven buying has also intensified amid escalating geopolitical concerns, including tensions involving Venezuela, ongoing turmoil in the Middle East, the war in Eastern Europe, and recent US military strikes in Nigeria.

Central banks have also played a decisive role, continuing aggressive gold purchases that have tightened supply in the physical market.

China, India, and Poland have led the charge, with central banks collectively acquiring more than 1,000 metric tons of gold for a third consecutive year, according to industry estimates, reflecting a broader effort to reduce reliance on the US dollar.

That sustained official-sector demand has helped support prices even during short-lived pullbacks.

Silver’s rally has been even more dramatic, with prices soaring to $75 amid expectations of rate cuts, a weaker dollar, and heightened demand for safe-haven assets.

The metal is now up an extraordinary 150% to 160% for the year, more than doubling gold’s already historic gains and ranking as one of the most explosive runs in modern commodity market history.

Like gold, silver has benefited from anticipation of looser monetary policy and its role as a store of value during periods of economic and geopolitical uncertainty.